https://jurnalstitmaa.org/index.php/alasma/issue/feed Jurnal Alasma: Media Informasi dan Komunikasi Ilmiah 2024-08-22T09:51:37+07:00 Redaksi ejournalalasma@gmail.com Open Journal Systems <p align="justify"><strong><img style="float: left; width: 139px; margin-top: 8px; margin-right: 10px; border: 2px solid #184b80;" src="https://jurnalstitmaa.org/public/site/images/admin/cover-alasma-1-th-2019-f17289acf940d6672a1ca7d602ec774d.jpg" width="157" height="196" />Jurnal Alasma: Media Informasi dan Komunikasi Ilmiah </strong>is a journal published by Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Tarbiyah Muslim Asia Afrika, Indonesia, is an international peer-reviewed open access journal published twice a year (July-December). Jurnal Alasma: Media Informasi dan Komunikasi Ilmiah is a research journal and articles in Islamic Studies. Intended to communicate original research, methodology, and current issues on the subject. Courses include textual studies and fieldwork with various perspectives: Islamic education, Islamic education management, Islamic law, Islamic economics, Islamic banking, history of Islamic civilization, early childhood education programs, Islamic broadcasting communications, ushuluddin, Al-Qur'an science and interpretation, and much more. This journal warmly welcomes contributions of articles from scholars from related disciplines.</p> https://jurnalstitmaa.org/index.php/alasma/article/view/97 Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Video Pembelajaran Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas XI IPS Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMAN 2 Palopo 2024-06-30T20:28:30+07:00 Tegar tegar0067_mhs19@iainpalopo.ac.id <p>This thesis discusses the influence of the use of learning video media on student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education subjects at SMAN 2 Palopo. This research aims: to find out the influence of the use of learning video media on student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education subjects at SMAN 2 Palopo. This research uses experimental research methods and this research method is part of a quantitative method which has its own characteristics. The research design used was a pre-experiment one group pre-test-posttest design. This design involves one group being given a pre-test (O1), given treatment (X) and given a post-test (O2). The success of treatment is determined by comparing the pre-test scores and post-test scores. The results of the research show that: the effect of using learning videos on the learning outcomes of class students at SMAN 2 Palopo is proven by the results of the t test which shows a sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 &lt; 0.05 as the basis for decision making in the independent samples t test, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the more appropriate the media used in learning, the higher the KKM achievement of class XI IPS 1 students at SMAN 2 Palopo.</p> 2024-07-01T00:00:00+07:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Tegar https://jurnalstitmaa.org/index.php/alasma/article/view/98 Perencanaan Keuangan Syariah Perspektif Buya Hamka dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar 2024-06-30T20:33:35+07:00 Achmad Dzikri Rajuli dzikrirajuli@yahoo.co.id <p>The background of research being done by the author stems from interest in interpretation al-Azhar, written by the nusantara cleric Abdul Karim Amrullah the charismatic cleric of his day from west Sumatra, and most people knew him as Buya Hamka. The Research focuses on what scriptures relate to financial planning in al-Azhar interpretation and its interpretation, and then finally we can find out how Buya Hamka views financial planning. The methods used in this research are qualitative or more accurate library research (library research) methods of Buya Hamka interpretation al-Azhar, and then books were added that deal with the financial planning discussions and other books that were used as additional literature in writing the research. The research of the verses of financial planning in Buya Hamka interpretation of the scriptures relating to financial planning is found in the Al-Qur’an of the An - Nisaa verses 9 and four verses in Al-Qur’an surah Yusuf, verses 46, 47, 48 and 49. Buya Hamka gives an explanation of the lives of those parents who must leave gifts for the beneficiary so that the relics of the parents do not live in misery, are ordered to work hard when in the open, to use their resources to make ends meet and the rest is stored for the future then it is necessary to do sharia based financial planning.</p> 2024-07-01T00:00:00+07:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Achmad Dzikri Rajuli https://jurnalstitmaa.org/index.php/alasma/article/view/99 Kualitas Hidup pada Manusia Lanjut Usia: Faktor dan Pengukurannya 2024-06-30T20:37:13+07:00 Suharwanto wanto_guru@yahoo.com <p>Older people are a group of people that is struggling in the last phase of their life. In this phase, a person faces various challenges to fulfill their needs to get a life with quality. High level of quality of life is something that is subjective, mostly different in each person. This paper is a literature review that will discuss factors related to quality of life by reviewing existing relevant literatures. Indicators and measurement tools will also be discussed in this paper. Quality of life factors that become the main reference in the global context are the one stated by World Health Organization. These factors would also influence scales that measure quality of life, which in turn were further developed to fit specific cultural context to fulfill the needs of each unique population. Indicators of quality of life were concluded as influenced by various situations in a person’s life including environment, culture and beliefs. The content hopefully will be able to provide knowledge concerning quality of life in relations with elderly. Understanding the concept of quality of life would help to advance the literature including in it well-being and other related concepts.</p> 2024-07-01T00:00:00+07:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Suharwanto https://jurnalstitmaa.org/index.php/alasma/article/view/100 Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah 2024-06-30T20:40:54+07:00 Abdul Kadir abahnanau@gmail.com <p>School-Based Management (SBM) offered as an operational form of decentralized education will provide new insights into the system that has been running so far. This is expected to have an impact on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of school performance by providing comprehensive and responsive educational services to the needs of the local school community. Students usually come from different backgrounds, one of the school's concerns must be directed to the principle of equity, both in the social, economic and political fields. Schools must also improve efficiency, participation, quality, and be responsible to the community and the government. With good cooperation from all fronts, it provides a great opportunity for the world of education in Indonesia to continue to improve its quality.</p> 2024-07-01T00:00:00+07:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Abdul Kadir https://jurnalstitmaa.org/index.php/alasma/article/view/101 Manajemen Pendidikan Islam dan AI: Peluang dan Tantangan 2024-06-30T21:46:04+07:00 Singgih Aji Purnomo singgihajipurnomo92@gmail.com <p>This paper contains about Islamic Education Management and AI: Opportunities and Challenges. This paper focuses on two aspects, namely opportunities and challenges. Looking at the opportunities for Islamic Education Management faced with the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), responding to the challenges of integrating Artificial Intelligence in Islamic education, as well as the importance of Artificial Intelligence in the lens of Islamic studies. The opportunities that arise in this paper are related to aspects of learning efficiency, material accessibility, technological skill development, technology integration, curriculum development, and the development of worship-based education. This opportunity needs to be optimized so that the management process takes place properly and correctly. Meanwhile, the challenges faced are in the form of too much dependence on technology, the potential for foreign cultural influence, data insecurity, the risk of reduced human interaction, negative influences on the development of empathy and social skills, the emergence of imbalances in the use of technology, challenges in teaching Islamic values, and the influence of AI on Islamic character education. In facing these challenges, a holistic approach is needed in Islamic character education in the era of Artificial Intelligence, as well as the need for better awareness and supervision in the use of technology, especially for children. The synthesis of these several things leads to an urgency related to integrating the principles of Islamic ethics and morality into the development of modern technology and understanding how AI can help the Islamic religion in the future.</p> 2024-07-01T00:00:00+07:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Singgih Aji Purnomo https://jurnalstitmaa.org/index.php/alasma/article/view/103 Etos Kerja Perpektif Ilmu Tasawuf 2024-07-02T07:36:06+07:00 Mukhlisin mukhlisazis@yahoo.com Singgih Aji Purnomo singgihajipurnomo92@gmail.com <p><span id="tgtAlignment_0" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">This</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_1" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">paper</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_2" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">contains</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_3" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">about</span> the <span id="tgtAlignment_4" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Work</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_5" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Ethic</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_6" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_7" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_8" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Perspective</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_9" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_10" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Sufism</span><span id="tgtAlignment_11" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_12" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">This</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_13" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">paper</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_14" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">focuses</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_15" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">on</span> the <span id="tgtAlignment_16" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">work</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_17" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">ethic</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_18" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">reviewed</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_19" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">from</span> the <span id="tgtAlignment_20" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">science</span> of <span id="tgtAlignment_21" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Sufism</span><span id="tgtAlignment_22" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_23" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">especially</span> the <span id="tgtAlignment_24" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">maqom</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_25" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">(</span><span id="tgtAlignment_26" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">position</span><span id="tgtAlignment_27" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">)</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_28" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">aspect</span> of <span id="tgtAlignment_29" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Sufism</span><span id="tgtAlignment_30" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_31" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Work</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_32" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">ethic</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_33" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">as</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_34" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">an</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_35" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">effort</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_36" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">made</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_37" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">by</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_38" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">individuals</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_39" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_40" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">groups</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_41" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">is</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_42" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">important</span> for <span id="tgtAlignment_43" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">their</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_44" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">position</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_45" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">in</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_46" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_47" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">world</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_48" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_49" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">work</span><span id="tgtAlignment_50" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_51" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">regardless</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_52" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">of</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_53" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">their</span> profession<span id="tgtAlignment_54" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_55" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Sufism</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_56" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">in</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_57" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">this</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_58" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">case</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_59" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">the</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_60" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">maqom</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_61" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">(</span><span id="tgtAlignment_62" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">position</span><span id="tgtAlignment_63" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">)</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_64" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">aspect</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_65" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">that</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_66" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">is</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_67" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">enshrined</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_68" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">in</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_69" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">nine</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_70" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">maqom</span><span id="tgtAlignment_71" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_72" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">All</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_73" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">maqom</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_74" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">has</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_75" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">its</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_76" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">own</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_77" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">meaning</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_78" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_79" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">if</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_80" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">someone</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_81" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">integrates</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_82" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">it</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_83" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">between</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_84" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">work</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_85" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">ethic</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_86" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_87" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Sufism</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_88" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">in</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_89" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">their</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_90" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">daily</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_91" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">lives</span><span id="tgtAlignment_92" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_93" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">there</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_94" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">will</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_95" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">be</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_96" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">a</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_97" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">balance</span><span id="tgtAlignment_98" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_99" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Because</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_100" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">in</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_101" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">fact</span>, <span id="tgtAlignment_102" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">work</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_103" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">ethic</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_104" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">has</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_105" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">urgency</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_106" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">for</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_107" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">every</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_108" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">person</span><span id="tgtAlignment_109" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_110" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">A</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_111" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">person</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_112" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">who</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_113" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">is</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_114" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">able</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_115" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">to</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_116" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">manage</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_117" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">life</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_118" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">well</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_119" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">and</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_120" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">has</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_121" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">a</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_122" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">good</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_123" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">work</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_124" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">ethic</span><span id="tgtAlignment_125" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_126" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">then</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_127" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">success</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_128" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">is</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_129" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">achieved</span><span id="tgtAlignment_130" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_131" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">However</span><span id="tgtAlignment_132" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_133" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">work</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_134" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">ethic</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_135" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">alone</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_136" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">is</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_137" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">not</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_138" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">enough</span><span id="tgtAlignment_139" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">,</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_140" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">humans</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_141" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">need</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_142" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">to</span> be provided <span id="tgtAlignment_143" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">with</span> <span id="tgtAlignment_144" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">Sufism</span><span id="tgtAlignment_145" class="ts-alignment-element" data-is-focusable="true">.</span></p> 2024-07-02T00:00:00+07:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Mukhlisin dan Singgih Aji Purnomo https://jurnalstitmaa.org/index.php/alasma/article/view/104 Implementasi Metode Talaqqi dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menghafal Al-Qur’an para Santri 2024-07-21T19:05:50+07:00 Toni Hermawan hermawant408@gmail.com Qomaruddin Hidayat qomaruddinhidayat11@gmail.com <p>Every learning activity requires an appropriate method so that the desired goal is achieved, as well as tahfizh Al-Qur'an because memorizing the Al-Qur'an is not as simple as imagined. Therefore, the Tahfidz Maskanul Huffadz Islamic Boarding School chose the talaqqi method in learning tahfizh Al-Qur'an. In this research the author used qualitative and descriptive research with data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation methods. The results of this research show that the implementation of the talaqqi method used to improve memorization skills at the Maskanul Huffadz Islamic Boarding School is carried out classically, unlike the characteristics of the talaqqi method in general, which is carried out privately. However, using this method still makes the talaqqi method effective in improving the ability to memorize the Qur'an at the Tahfidz Masakanul Huffadz Islamic boarding school, because using this method makes students' memorization better and makes it easier for students to achieve the predetermined memorization targets. Several factors that support improving the ability to memorize the Qur'an at the Maskanul Huffaz Islamic Boarding School are a comfortable memorization atmosphere such as adequate facilities and infrastructure, and the presence of professional tahfizh teachers.</p> 2024-07-21T00:00:00+07:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Toni Hermawan dan Qomaruddin Hidayat https://jurnalstitmaa.org/index.php/alasma/article/view/105 Manajemen Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an 2024-08-22T09:51:37+07:00 Madsuri amarintyal@gmail.com <p>Islam as a religion that is a guideline for human life that covers all human life. In addition to being a way of life, Islam according to its adherents is also a teaching that must be preached and provide an understanding of the various teachings contained therein. These teachings are found in the Qur'an and Hadith, which are believed to contain basic principles concerning all aspects of human life. So that the Qur'an and Hadith become references and views on life in aspects of the lives of Muslims such as in the principles of management. In the view of Islam, everything must be done neatly, correctly, orderly, and regularly. The processes must be followed properly. Something should not be done carelessly Starting from the smallest matters such as managing household affairs to the largest matters such as managing the affairs of a country, all of that requires good, precise and directed arrangements within the framework of a management so that the goals to be achieved can be achieved and can be completed efficiently and effectively. Basically, the teachings of Islam contained in the Qur'an and As Sunnah teach about a life that is directed and orderly is a concrete example of management that leads to order. Fasting, hajj and other amaliyah are monomintal management implementations. The theory and concept of management used today are actually not new in the perspective of Islam. Management has existed at least since Allah created the universe and its contents. The elements of management in the creation of nature and its other creatures are inseparable from the management of the sky. When the Prophet Adam as the caliph led the universe, he had implemented these management elements.</p> 2024-07-01T00:00:00+07:00 Copyright (c) 2024 Madsuri